A hyperglykaemia szerepe a diabetes mellitus kesoi szovodmenyeinek kialakulasaban

Hyperglycaemia has an important pathogenic role in the development of chronic diabetic complications. Elevated blood glucose level damages tissues by causing both acute, reversible changes in cellular metabolism and cumulative, irreversible alterations in stable macromolecules. Among the reversible abnormalities are the increased polyol pathway activity, the modified activation of protein kinase C, the enhanced oxidative stress and the formation of early glycosylation products. The most important irreversible change caused by hyperglycaemia is the formation and the accumulation of advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs). The AGEs destroy the structure of basement membrane and the extracellular matrix, impair the endothelial and the vascular smooth muscle cell function and promote the thrombogenic changes. It is suggested that mitogen-activated protein kinases may be involved in the biochemical anomalies arising form hyperglycaemia.