Abstract
The morphometry of a great number of scoria cones, belonging to volcanic fields of various geodynamic settings, has been measured and analyzed, addressing the question whether there is a relation between the prevalent cone shape in a given field and the geodynamic setting of the field itself. Morphometric analysis was carried out on freely downloadable digital elevation models (DEMs). The accuracy of the used DEMs and the associated error in scoria cone morphometry were determined by cross-comparing high-resolution LIDAR-derived DEMs, USGS NED, TINITALY DEM and ASTER GDEM. The 10-m TINITALY/01 and USGS NED DEMs are proven to be suitable for scoria cone morphometry, whereas ASTER GDEM can be used reliably for cones with volume greater than 30×10 6m 3. According to a detailed morphometry of all scoria cones, we propose that the cones related to subductional setting show relatively higher values of H co/W co and lower values of W cr/W co than the cones related to extensional setting. The detected differences can be imputable to peculiar eruption dynamics resulting in slight but systematic changes in shape, and differences in lithological and sedimentological characteristics that govern post-eruptive erosion. To constrain the pathway of scoria cone erosion, the detected morphometric changes were also interpreted using a simple linear degradation model. Utilizing the obtained simulation results, the inferred initial cone base, and the age of scoria cones, we calculated a diffusion coefficient (K) for several dated cones, which are related to the prevalent climate. Our results, despite the high error associated, allow to assess the median K for all volcanic fields. Due to the complexity of the factors behind, it is not easy to understand if the prevalent shape characterizing a certain volcanic field is due mainly to sin-eruptive or post-eruptive mechanisms; however, our distinction between the two main geodynamic settings may be the first step to decipher these factors.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 56-72 |
| Number of pages | 17 |
| Journal | Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |
| Volume | 217-218 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Mar 1 2012 |
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Keywords
- Cone degradation simulation
- Digital elevation models (DEMs)
- Geodynamic setting
- Morphometry
- Scoria cone
- Volcanic field
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Geochemistry and Petrology
- Geophysics
Cite this
Morphometry of scoria cones, and their relation to geodynamic setting : A DEM-based analysis. / Fornaciai, Alessandro; Favalli, Massimiliano; Karátson, D.; Tarquini, Simone; Boschi, Enzo.
In: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol. 217-218, 01.03.2012, p. 56-72.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Morphometry of scoria cones, and their relation to geodynamic setting
T2 - A DEM-based analysis
AU - Fornaciai, Alessandro
AU - Favalli, Massimiliano
AU - Karátson, D.
AU - Tarquini, Simone
AU - Boschi, Enzo
PY - 2012/3/1
Y1 - 2012/3/1
N2 - The morphometry of a great number of scoria cones, belonging to volcanic fields of various geodynamic settings, has been measured and analyzed, addressing the question whether there is a relation between the prevalent cone shape in a given field and the geodynamic setting of the field itself. Morphometric analysis was carried out on freely downloadable digital elevation models (DEMs). The accuracy of the used DEMs and the associated error in scoria cone morphometry were determined by cross-comparing high-resolution LIDAR-derived DEMs, USGS NED, TINITALY DEM and ASTER GDEM. The 10-m TINITALY/01 and USGS NED DEMs are proven to be suitable for scoria cone morphometry, whereas ASTER GDEM can be used reliably for cones with volume greater than 30×10 6m 3. According to a detailed morphometry of all scoria cones, we propose that the cones related to subductional setting show relatively higher values of H co/W co and lower values of W cr/W co than the cones related to extensional setting. The detected differences can be imputable to peculiar eruption dynamics resulting in slight but systematic changes in shape, and differences in lithological and sedimentological characteristics that govern post-eruptive erosion. To constrain the pathway of scoria cone erosion, the detected morphometric changes were also interpreted using a simple linear degradation model. Utilizing the obtained simulation results, the inferred initial cone base, and the age of scoria cones, we calculated a diffusion coefficient (K) for several dated cones, which are related to the prevalent climate. Our results, despite the high error associated, allow to assess the median K for all volcanic fields. Due to the complexity of the factors behind, it is not easy to understand if the prevalent shape characterizing a certain volcanic field is due mainly to sin-eruptive or post-eruptive mechanisms; however, our distinction between the two main geodynamic settings may be the first step to decipher these factors.
AB - The morphometry of a great number of scoria cones, belonging to volcanic fields of various geodynamic settings, has been measured and analyzed, addressing the question whether there is a relation between the prevalent cone shape in a given field and the geodynamic setting of the field itself. Morphometric analysis was carried out on freely downloadable digital elevation models (DEMs). The accuracy of the used DEMs and the associated error in scoria cone morphometry were determined by cross-comparing high-resolution LIDAR-derived DEMs, USGS NED, TINITALY DEM and ASTER GDEM. The 10-m TINITALY/01 and USGS NED DEMs are proven to be suitable for scoria cone morphometry, whereas ASTER GDEM can be used reliably for cones with volume greater than 30×10 6m 3. According to a detailed morphometry of all scoria cones, we propose that the cones related to subductional setting show relatively higher values of H co/W co and lower values of W cr/W co than the cones related to extensional setting. The detected differences can be imputable to peculiar eruption dynamics resulting in slight but systematic changes in shape, and differences in lithological and sedimentological characteristics that govern post-eruptive erosion. To constrain the pathway of scoria cone erosion, the detected morphometric changes were also interpreted using a simple linear degradation model. Utilizing the obtained simulation results, the inferred initial cone base, and the age of scoria cones, we calculated a diffusion coefficient (K) for several dated cones, which are related to the prevalent climate. Our results, despite the high error associated, allow to assess the median K for all volcanic fields. Due to the complexity of the factors behind, it is not easy to understand if the prevalent shape characterizing a certain volcanic field is due mainly to sin-eruptive or post-eruptive mechanisms; however, our distinction between the two main geodynamic settings may be the first step to decipher these factors.
KW - Cone degradation simulation
KW - Digital elevation models (DEMs)
KW - Geodynamic setting
KW - Morphometry
KW - Scoria cone
KW - Volcanic field
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84855880715&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84855880715&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.12.012
DO - 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.12.012
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84855880715
VL - 217-218
SP - 56
EP - 72
JO - Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
JF - Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
SN - 0377-0273
ER -